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Paroxysmal sympathetic hyperactivity (PSH) is a syndrome that causes episodes of increased activity of the sympathetic nervous system. Hyperactivity of the sympathetic nervous system can manifest as increased heart rate, increased respiration, increased blood pressure, diaphoresis, and hyperthermia. Previously, this syndrome has been identified as general dysautonomia but now is considered a specific form of it. It has also been referred to as paroxysmal sympathetic instability with dystonia, or PAID, and sympathetic storm. Recently, however, studies have adopted the name paroxysmal sympathetic hyperactivity to ensure specificity.〔 PSH is observed more in younger patients than older ones. It is also seen more commonly in men than women.〔 There is no known reason why this is the case, although it is suspected pathophysiological links may exist. In patients surviving traumatic brain injury, the occurrence of these episodes is one in every three. PSH can also be associated with severe anoxia, subarachnoid and intracerebral hemorrhage, and hydrocephalus.〔 == Symptoms == Characteristics of paroxysmal sympathetic hyperactivity include: *fever *tachycardia *hypertension *tachypnea *hyperhidrosis or diaphoresis *dystonic posturing *pupillary dilation *flushing In cases where PSH episodes develop post-injury, specifically traumatic brain injury, symptoms typically develop quickly, usually within a week. Symptom onset has been seen to average 5.9 days post-injury.〔 Episodes vary in duration and occurrence. Episodes can last as little as a few minutes or as long as ten hours, and they can occur multiple times a day. Episode duration has been seen to average 30.8 minutes and occur five to six times a day.〔 Episodes can occur naturally or arise from external triggers. Common triggers include pain or stimulation, body turning or movements, and bladder distention. Bladder distention has been observed in patients being treated in intensive care units with the concurrent use of catheters.〔 Symptoms of PSH can last from weeks to years following initial onset. As episodes persist over time, they have been found to become less frequent in occurrence but last for prolonged periods.〔 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Paroxysmal sympathetic hyperactivity」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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